Sydney Opera House Reaches 50: Australia's Most Iconic Building

The Sydney Opera House, completed in 1973 after a 14-year construction saga that consumed careers, cost lives, and ultimately produced one of the world's great buildings, has become in the half-century since its opening so completely identified with Australia in the global imagination that it is almost impossible to now see it as the controversial and contentious project it was through most of its construction. Jorn Utzon's competition-winning design, selected in 1957 from 233 entries by a committee that the jury member Eero Saarinen had to rescue from the trash when the other assessors had placed it there, represented a structural challenge that no existing construction technology could address when it was chosen.

The engineering solutions that Ove Arup's structural engineering team developed to construct the shells that Utzon's design required, including the revolutionary spherical geometry that transformed the originally freeform curves into a precise geometric system that could be manufactured and assembled, represent one of the great achievements of twentieth century structural engineering. The collaboration between architectural vision and structural ingenuity that the Opera House required created knowledge that advanced the entire field of structural engineering.

Utzon's resignation in 1966 over interference with his design decisions, and the subsequent completion of the building's interiors by Australian architects whose work Utzon refused to endorse, created an unresolved quality in the building that the 2004 reconciliation with Utzon and the subsequent interior renewal project began to address. The Utzon Room, redesigned under the architect's guidance as his last contribution to the building he created, provides the authentic Utzon interior that the original completion denied.

The Opera House's cultural program, encompassing opera, ballet, theatre, contemporary music, and the vast range of community and educational programming that sustains the building's daily use, fills the venues that Utzon's shells house with the performing arts audiences that the building's design celebrated from its conception. The building's role as a daily working performance venue rather than a heritage monument is its most important quality as an urban cultural institution.